severe

adj.严厉的,

Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
severe (adjective)
1.
a) strict in judgment, discipline, or government
b) of a strict or stern bearing or manner - austere
2.
rigorous in restraint, punishment, or requirement - stringent restrictive
3.
strongly critical or condemnatory - censorious a severe critic
4.
a) maintaining a scrupulously standard of behavior or self-discipline - exacting
b) establishing exacting standards of accuracy and integrity in intellectual processes - a severe logician
5.
sober or restrained in decoration or manner - plain a severe dress
6.
a) inflicting physical discomfort or hardship - harsh severe winters
b) inflicting pain or distress - grievous a severe wound
7.
requiring great effort - arduous a severe test
8.
of a great degree - serious severe depression
Merriam-Webster Online Thesaurus
severe (adjective)
1.
given to exacting standards of discipline and self-restraint
SYNONYMS:
austere, authoritarian, flinty, hard, harsh, heavy-handed, ramrod, rigid, rigorous, stern, strict, tough
RELATED WORDS:
demanding, exacting; uncharitable, unforgiving; adamant, adamantine, callous, hardened, hard-hearted, hard-line, immovable, implacable, inflexible, merciless, ossified, pitiless, relentless, rock-ribbed, stiff, unbending, uncompromising, unrelenting, unsparing, unyielding; dour, gruff; ascetic ( ascetical), monastic, monkish; browbeating, bullying; determined, firm, resolved, single-minded, steadfast, unflinching; dogged, intractable, obstinate, relentless
NEAR ANTONYMS:
easy, easygoing, laid-back, undemanding; charitable, kind, merciful, mild, patient, soft, softhearted; accepting, compromising, yielding; responsive, willing; acquiescent, agreeable, amenable, complaisant, compliant, flexible, pliable, pliant
clement, forbearing, gentle, indulgent, lax, lenient, tolerant
severe (adjective)
2.
harsh and threatening in manner or appearance
SYNONYMS:
austere, dour, fierce, flinty, forbidding, gruff, intimidating, lowering ( louring), rough, rugged, severe, stark, steely, stern, ungentle
RELATED WORDS:
bleak, cold, hostile, inhospitable, inimical, unfriendly, unsympathetic; adamant, bound, determined, firm, intent, purposeful, resolute, resolved, steadfast, unflinching; fixed, hard, hardened, hardheaded, immovable, implacable, inflexible, ironhanded, mulish, obdurate, obstinate, rigid, self-willed, set, stiff, stubborn, unbending, uncompromising, unrelenting, unyielding, willful ( wilful); immutable, unchangeable; black, cheerless, dark, gloomy, glum, joyless, melancholic, moody, morose, sulky, sullen, surly; brooding, grave, humorless, melancholy, serious, sober, sobersided, solemn, somber ( sombre), staid, unsmiling, weighty
NEAR ANTONYMS:
bland, meek, mellow, soft, soothing; easy, quiet, tranquil; agreeable, bright, cheerful, inviting, pleasant, pleasing, sweet; glad, happy, lighthearted, merry, mirthful, sunny; featherbrained, flighty, frivolous, giddy, goofy, harebrained, light-headed, playful, scatterbrained, silly
benign, benignant, gentle, mild, nonintimidating, tender
severe (adjective)
3.
not joking or playful in mood or manner
SYNONYMS:
earnest, grave, humorless, no-nonsense, po-faced, sedate, severe, sober, sobersided, solemn, staid, uncomic, unsmiling, weighty
RELATED WORDS:
harsh, stern, strict; businesslike, professional; dignified, distinguished, elevated, serious-minded; gloomy, grim
NEAR ANTONYMS:
antic, comic, comical, droll, farcical, funny, hilarious, hysterical ( hysteric), laughable, light, light-headed, ludicrous, ridiculous, riotous, risible, screaming, sidesplitting, uproarious; featherbrained, flighty, frivolous, goofy, harebrained, lighthearted, puerile, scatterbrained; absurd, asinine, balmy, brainless, cockeyed, crazy, cuckoo, daffy, daft, dotty, fatuous, foolish, half-witted, insane, jerky, kooky ( kookie), loony ( looney), lunatic, mad, nonsensical, nutty, preposterous, sappy, screwball, senseless, silly, unwise, wacky ( whacky), weak-minded, witless, zany
facetious, flip, flippant, humorous, jesting, jocular, joking, kittenish, ludic, playful
severe (adjective)
4.
difficult to endure
SYNONYMS:
bitter, brutal, burdensome, cruel, excruciating, grievous, grim, hard, hardhanded, heavy, inhuman, murderous, onerous, oppressive, rough, rugged, searing, severe, stiff, tough, trying
RELATED WORDS:
austere, bleak, comfortless, discomforting, forbidding, inhospitable, spartan, uncomfortable; biting, inclement, intemperate, wild; rigorous, strict, stringent; agonizing, heartbreaking, heartrending, painful, wretched; crushing, grinding, overwhelming, wearing; insufferable, insupportable, intolerable, unbearable, unendurable; harrowing, tortuous; bad, disagreeable, hostile, unfriendly, unpleasant
NEAR ANTONYMS:
comfortable, cozy, luxurious, snug; agreeable, friendly, genial, hospitable, pleasant; peaceful, relaxing, reposeful, restful; bearable, endurable, painless, tolerable; balmy, calm, clement, gentle, mild, moderate, temperate
easy, light, soft
severe (adjective)
5.
requiring considerable physical or mental effort
SYNONYMS:
arduous, Augean, backbreaking, challenging, demanding, difficult, effortful, exacting, formidable, grueling ( gruelling), heavy, hellacious, herculean, killer, laborious, moiling, murderous, pick-and-shovel, rigorous, rough, rugged, severe, stiff, strenuous, sweaty, tall, testing, toilsome, tough, uphill
RELATED WORDS:
abstract, abstruse, complex, complicated, elusive, hairy, insoluble, intricate, involved, knotty, opaque, problematic ( problematical), recondite, serious, spiny, stubborn, thorny, ticklish, tricky; bruising, burdensome, exhausting, labored, onerous, oppressive, stressful, taxing, tight, trying; annoying, bothersome, distressing, irksome, troublesome, vexatious; grievous, grim, strict, stringent; brutal, cruel, inhuman, painful
NEAR ANTONYMS:
achievable, clear, doable, elementary, manageable, uncomplicated; comforting, gentle, painless, relaxed, smooth, soothing; accessible, friendly, idiotproof, user-friendly
cheap, easy, effortless, facile, light, mindless, simple, soft, undemanding
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